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The National Immigration Council (CNIG) of Brazil has made a significant advancement in its immigration policy by approving Resolution No. 50/2024, which establishes new procedures for granting work residency permits to immigrants who have completed undergraduate or strictu sensu postgraduate studies in Brazil. This measure, published on September 5, 2024, in the Official Gazette of the Union, aims to attract and retain international academic talent, facilitating the integration of highly skilled professionals into the Brazilian labor market.

Purpose of the Resolution and Beneficiaries

The new resolution targets immigrants who have obtained their undergraduate or postgraduate degrees in Brazil, specifically those who have attended academic programs at Brazilian institutions accredited by the Ministry of Education. Both in-person and hybrid courses are accepted, provided that the final evaluation process was conducted in person at the educational institution.

A key aspect of the resolution is that most of the educational program must have been completed in Brazil at accredited institutions. This ensures that immigrants granted work residency authorization have received proper training aligned with the country’s educational standards. Primarily, this measure benefits immigrants who chose Brazil for their studies and now wish to pursue their professional careers there.

However, the resolution outlines certain exclusions. It does not cover students participating in programs like the Undergraduate Student Agreement Program (PEC) by the Federal Government or the University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony (UNILAB). These programs, designed to promote cultural and educational exchange, impose specific conditions, such as returning to the students’ home countries after completing their studies. In such cases, work residency authorization can only be requested after fulfilling those obligations in their country of origin.

Once a request is approved, the work residency permit is granted for an initial period of up to two years. During this time, immigrants can work in Brazil in areas related to their field of study. This measure aims to foster stability and professional development for qualified immigrants while contributing to the country’s economic growth.

After the initial residency period, there is an option to request an extension to indefinite residency, provided all established requirements are met.

Professional Qualification Requirements

A crucial feature of the new resolution is that immigrants whose area of expertise requires specific professional licensing—such as passing exams, tests, competitions, or registering with a professional council—must complete these steps before being allowed to practice their profession in Brazil. This ensures that only those meeting Brazil’s professional standards can engage in regulated activities.

This aspect of the resolution underscores Brazil’s commitment to maintaining the quality of its regulated professions and safeguarding labor standards, ensuring that immigrants joining the workforce are adequately prepared for their roles.

Broader Impact

Through this initiative, Brazil seeks not only to facilitate the integration of qualified immigrants into the labor market but also to strengthen its economy by incorporating professionals trained within the country. The resolution offers immigrants the benefit of a stable working environment while providing Brazilian companies access to highly skilled talent.

The government of Brazil hopes that these measures will help retain international academic talent, enabling foreign professionals to continue their careers in the country after completing their studies. This approach benefits both the immigrants and the companies operating in Brazil.

Resolution No. 50/2024 came into effect on October 5, 2024, 30 days after its publication. From this date, eligible immigrants can start submitting their applications for work residency permits, contributing to the strengthening of Brazil’s workforce and promoting the integration of immigrants into its economic and social fabric.

This initiative marks an important step in establishing Brazil as a preferred destination for international talent, offering opportunities for those who choose the country for their education and professional growth.

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The EES (Entry/Exit System) and ETIAS (European Travel Information and Authorization System) are automated computer systems for recording and controlling personal data of nationals from non-EU countries crossing the external borders of the Schengen Area.

Neither system is currently operational, with implementation planned for 2025.

The European Union and Management of External Borders

These European initiatives are part of a set of measures aimed at improving the management of the external borders of Schengen member states.

The future automated systems aim to enhance the effectiveness and reliability of controls at the external borders of the Schengen Area, enabling member states and EU agencies to ensure better information sharing to combat cross-border crime and terrorism while achieving more effective border management, all under strict respect for fundamental rights and European data protection legislation.

EES (Entry/Exit System): A New Automated System for Recording Data of Non-EU Nationals Entering the Schengen Area

The EES is an automated digital data collection device for personal information of nationals from non-EU countries, whether or not they are subject to visa requirements, which will be implemented upon entry and exit from the Schengen Area.

Specifically, the EES replaces the manual stamping of passports for third-country nationals and will allow for electronic monitoring of entry, exit, denial of entry, and duration of stay for nationals from non-EU countries crossing the external borders of the Schengen Area for short stays (up to 90 days within a 180-day period).

Who Is It Aimed At?

It is directed at nationals of non-EU countries subject to short-stay visa requirements and ETIAS, who will be staying for a short duration (up to 90 days within a 180-day period) in the territory of a Schengen member state.

What Personal Data Will Be Recorded?

• Date and time of entry and exit.
• Place of entry and exit.
• Last name(s) and first name(s) of the national.
• Passport number of the national.
• Photograph of the national.
• Fingerprint of the national.
• It will also record any denial of entry for a short stay.

ETIAS (European Travel Information and Authorization System): A New Prerequisite for Visa-Exempt Short-Stay Travelers Accessing European Territory

ETIAS is a travel authorization, not a visa, established by the European Commission. It will be required by the 30 member states of the expanded Schengen Area. It is a completely electronic system, similar to the United States’ Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA), designed to reinforce controls on foreign travelers in the EU, with the goal of detecting potential threats.

It is scheduled to go into service in 2025.

Who Is It Aimed At?

ETIAS will be directed at nationals from approximately sixty non-EU countries that benefit from visa exemption for short stays when traveling to the expanded Schengen Area.

This travel authorization will have a maximum duration of 90 days. Affected third-country nationals must apply for it prior to traveling to European territory: the authorization will be valid for three years for multiple entries or until the expiration date of the travel document used to make the application.

Applications will be made online by completing a simple form. The travel authorization will generally be issued within a maximum period of 96 hours from the date of application and payment of a fee of €7. If additional investigation is required, this processing period may be extended.

It should be noted that no fee will be required from third-country nationals under 18 years old, over 70 years old, family members of EU nationals, or third-country nationals with the right to free movement within the EU.

List of Countries Affected by ETIAS: Who should apply – European Union (europa.eu)

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Executive Decree 193 of October 15, 2024, has been published, which modifies provisions of the Permanent Resident category for economic reasons: Qualified Investor.

New forms of investment have been added, giving foreign investors more options to apply for Permanent Residency in Panama, as well as new ways of verification, including a promise of sale.

With this new decree, permanent residency in Panama can be obtained with an investment of at least three hundred thousand US dollars (USD 300,000.00), in one of the following forms:

1. Real Estate Investment: Three hundred thousand US dollars (USD 300,000.00) in the purchase of a property, free of encumbrances. If the property exceeds this amount, the rest may be financed by a local bank.
2. Investment through a Promise of Sale Agreement of three hundred thousand US dollars (USD 300,000.00), in the following scenarios:

   A. Trust Deposit, managed by a bank or trust company in Panama, for which the following must be provided: • A notarized copy of the contract and the original (or notarized copy) of the trust agreement, which must establish that the full amount in the trust will be disbursed to pay the obligations assumed by the trustor as part of the promise of sale agreement made with the real estate company.

   B. Through payment to the developer or seller of 100% of the property that has not yet been built or registered with the Public Registry, for which the following must be provided: • A notarized copy of the Sales Agreement. • A Bank Guarantee of compliance in favor of the investor, established under a series of conditions.

3. Investment in Securities: Individuals who make one or more investments through a securities house for a total of five hundred thousand US dollars (USD 500,000.00) in securities issuers whose business affects the national territory, through the Panama Stock Exchange, and whose commitment is maintained for at least five years, will be eligible for this category.
4. Investment in Fixed-Term Deposit: A foreigner who makes an investment of seven hundred and fifty thousand US dollars (USD 750,000.00) in a fixed-term deposit may qualify for permanent residency. This must be made at a local bank with a natural license, and the deposit must have a minimum term of five years.

In all cases, and depending on the form of investment planned in Panama, the proper procedure and documentation must be followed as established. It must be demonstrated that the funds come from a foreign source and can be through a natural person or a legal entity; in the latter case, the applicant must be the ultimate beneficiary.

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Starting on September 16, Germany will implement temporary border controls at all its land borders, a measure initially set to last six months. The primary goal is to manage the increase in irregular migration into the country, allowing authorities greater control over the entry and exit of individuals. These controls will be applied flexibly, adjusting to security needs at the borders with countries like France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Denmark. Additionally, existing controls, which have been in place since October 2023, will continue at the borders with Switzerland, Austria, the Czech Republic, and Poland.

Details of the Border Controls

The measure focuses on strengthening security at land borders, aiming to enhance Germany’s ability to intercept illegal activities, such as smuggling and human trafficking, as well as to detect and prevent potential terrorist threats. German authorities have emphasized that these controls will be “dynamic” and will adapt to security demands, meaning they will not be uniform across all borders or permanent over time.

These controls do not represent a total closure of the borders but will increase inspections and monitoring at key crossing points, with a particular focus on roads, trains, and airports near border areas. Security forces will also be equipped with advanced technological tools, such as facial recognition systems and biometric databases, to detect individuals with criminal records or those in the country without the proper permits.

Legal Basis and Regulatory Framework

The reintroduction of these temporary border controls is backed by the Schengen Borders Code, which allows EU member states to implement such measures in exceptional situations. The code stipulates that controls can be activated when there are threats to internal security or uncontrolled migration flows. However, European regulations require that these measures be “necessary and proportionate,” meaning they must be reviewed periodically and cannot be extended indefinitely without justification.

According to the European legal framework, Germany will need to communicate and justify to EU authorities any decision to extend these controls beyond the initial six-month period. While these measures are temporary, there is a possibility that they could be prolonged if security or migration conditions do not improve in the short term.

Impact on Cross-Border Mobility and Trade

The reestablishment of border controls in Germany could also have a direct impact on the mobility of citizens and trade in the border regions. In recent decades, thanks to the Schengen Agreement, millions of Europeans have been able to move freely between member countries without going through border checks. The reintroduction of these inspections may cause delays in the movement of people and goods, affecting cross-border workers, tourists, and transport companies that rely on smooth transit between neighboring countries.

Additionally, sectors such as transportation and logistics could face operational disruptions. Businesses that depend on cross-border trade, particularly in regions near the borders with France, Belgium, and the Netherlands, may encounter longer wait times for the clearance of goods, which could impact supply chains. In response, the German government has assured that measures will be implemented to minimize the impact on commercial activities, aiming to make the controls as unobtrusive as possible without compromising security.

Economic and Social Repercussions in Border Regions

Border regions in Germany have experienced significant economic integration over the past two decades, with a high volume of trade and a dense network of cross-border workers. In these areas, unrestricted mobility has been crucial for economic and social growth. However, the implementation of border controls, even temporarily, could have repercussions on the development of these regions.

Delays at border crossings and increased inspections could negatively affect cross-border workers, who depend on quick and efficient transit to reach their jobs in neighboring countries. Additionally, local businesses that trade products across these borders may face higher operating costs due to potential delays and the need to adjust their supply chains. Local authorities have already expressed concern about the potential impact these measures could have on regional economies, especially if the controls extend beyond the initial six-month period.

Mitigation Measures

To address these challenges, the German government has stated that the controls will be applied selectively, focusing primarily on high-risk areas in terms of security and irregular migration. The use of advanced recognition technologies and risk analysis will be prioritized, which could reduce the number of people stopped for inspection at the busiest crossing points. Additionally, the possibility of implementing random checks instead of systematic inspections is being considered to speed up traffic flows while maintaining security.

Germany is also in discussions with neighboring governments to coordinate actions in border areas and ensure that the implementation of the controls does not create tensions or misunderstandings. In this sense, cooperation mechanisms will be sought to make the controls more efficient and less disruptive for travelers and businesses.

Long-Term Assessment

Although German authorities have insisted that the controls are temporary and necessary to ensure security and reduce irregular migration, their possible extension beyond six months will depend on the migration situation and the effectiveness of these measures. If prolonged, the long-term implications for the Schengen Agreement and the principle of free movement within the European Union could become a topic of debate.

In conclusion, Germany’s decision to temporarily reinforce its border controls is aimed at managing irregular migration and associated security risks more effectively. However, these measures will also have a significant impact on mobility, trade, and daily life in border regions, making it crucial to implement strategies to mitigate the negative effects in these areas.

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Exchanging a driving licence is a fundamental process for those who move to Spain from abroad and wish to maintain their ability to drive legally in the country. It involves the homologation of a foreign driving licence, exchanging it for the equivalent Spanish licence. This procedure is not only simpler than obtaining a new licence, but can also save you time and complications in the long run.

What does exchanging a licence entail?

Exchanging a licence includes the homologation of all driving authorisations you have on your original licence. This means that if you have different categories of licences on your foreign driving licence, they will all be recognised on your new Spanish licence. This feature is especially beneficial for those who need to drive vehicles of different types, from cars to motorcycles or commercial vehicles.

Who can benefit from exchanging a licence?

Exchanging a licence is available for driving licences from countries in the European Union, the European Economic Area (including Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway), as well as Andorra, Switzerland and Monaco. In addition, licenses from several countries outside Europe can be exchanged, as long as there is a prior agreement between Spain and those countries. Some of the countries that have exchange agreements include:

• South America: Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, Uruguay, Peru, Chile, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Dominican Republic, Guatemala.
• Asia and Africa: South Korea, Japan, Morocco, Algeria, Philippines, Turkey, Ukraine, Tunisia.
• ​​Others: Serbia, Nicaragua, Panama, Costa Rica, United Kingdom, Northern Ireland and New Zealand.

At Expat Feliu, we are committed to facilitating all the necessary procedures related to the homologation of your driving license. We now offer exchanges of all types of driving licenses, ensuring a smooth and hassle-free process. If you are interested in making an exchange, do not hesitate to contact us. Our team of experts is ready to guide you through every step of the process and answer any questions you may have.

For more information about our services and to start the exchange process, visit our website: www.expatfeliu.com. Your peace of mind and legality behind the wheel are our priority.

From April 2025, the UK will require all visitors who do not require a visa to obtain an Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) to enter the country, as part of its effort to expand the digital border control system. This new regulation aims to strengthen border security and make travel safer and more controlled, in line with global trends towards digitalisation of immigration procedures.

Who will need to apply for an ETA?

Under the new UK government regulations, any traveller wishing to enter the UK, with the exception of British and Irish citizens, will need to have a valid travel authorisation. For most visitors, this will be done through an ETA or an eVisa, depending on their particular situation. The ETA system will be available from 27 November 2024 for eligible non-European travellers, and will be mandatory for these visitors from 8 January 2025. The system will then be extended to EU citizens, who will be required to have an ETA from 2 April 2025, with applications possible from 5 March of the same year.

What is the ETA and how does it work?

The Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) is a digital authorisation linked directly to the traveller’s passport. This system allows the British authorities to carry out thorough security checks before the visitor begins their journey to the United Kingdom, ensuring that those entering comply with all legal and security requirements. The implementation of this system reflects a global trend towards more rigorous immigration controls and the need to adapt the immigration infrastructure to an increasingly digital world.

To apply for an ETA, travellers will need to enter their personal and travel information into the electronic system, and the authorisation will be processed within a few days. All the information required to make the application will be available on the official UK government website, and applicants will be able to apply quickly and easily through the UK ETA mobile app.

Travellers planning to visit the UK are advised to ensure that their passport is valid and compatible with the ETA system, and to start the application process well in advance to avoid any setbacks. Those without the required authorisation will not be able to board flights to the UK, as airlines will need to verify the validity of the ETA before allowing access on board.

Impact on the transport sector and airlines

The implementation of the ETA will directly affect the main air routes that connect the UK with the rest of the world. Key airports such as London Heathrow (LHR), London Gatwick (LGW), Manchester (MAN) and Birmingham (BHX) will be at the forefront of this transition to a digital immigration control system. Airlines operating to and from the UK will be required to integrate ETA verification processes into their booking systems to ensure that all passengers meet the requirements before boarding. This measure seeks to avoid delays in immigration controls upon arrival in the country, streamlining processes at British airports.

In addition, airlines are working on adapting their digital platforms to facilitate the verification of ETAs, so that travellers can manage all immigration requirements in advance and without complications. This will also provide an additional level of security for airlines, as they will be able to avoid last-minute problems with passengers who do not meet the entry requirements to the UK.

Tips for travelers

• Travelers planning to visit the UK after the ETA is implemented should take into account some key recommendations to ensure their trip goes smoothly.
• Check passport validity: It is essential that the passport is up to date and compatible with the ETA system. It is recommended to renew the passport if it is about to expire.
• Apply for the ETA in advance: Although the application process is quick, it is advisable to apply for the ETA as soon as possible, especially during peak travel season, to avoid delays.

Check UK entry policies: Entry regulations may change, so travelers are advised to keep abreast of updates through the official British government website.

Migrants and residents in the UK

The British government has also informed migrants currently residing in the UK that the validity of the passport is not valid.

In the UK with physical immigration documents, such as the Biometric Residence Permit (BRP) or passports with physical stamps, they will need to create an electronic account to access their eVisa. This step is part of the UK’s strategy to digitise all immigration documents, making it easier to access information and eliminating the need for physical documents. Most BRPs expire on 31 December 2024, so holders of these permits are urged to manage their renewal before this date.

The modernisation of UK immigration control

With the implementation of the ETA system, the UK is taking an important step towards modernising its immigration controls. This measure will not only provide greater security at the borders, but will also facilitate access to the country for travellers who meet the requirements. The British authorities have stressed the importance of planning ahead and familiarising yourself with the new system to avoid problems and ensure a smooth journey.

In short, the ETA is a key tool in the UK’s efforts to improve the security and efficiency of its immigration system, adapting it to the needs of the modern world, and allowing both travellers and airlines to easily adapt to these new requirements.

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Starting from January 1, 2025, travelers from visa-exempt countries, including Spain, will be required to obtain an Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA-IL) before entering Israel. This new regulation will apply to major airports such as Tel Aviv-Ben Gurion (TLV), Eilat-Ramon (ETM), and Haifa (HFA), and will be mandatory for both tourists and business travelers.

Initially, this requirement was set to come into effect on August 1, 2024, but its implementation was postponed until January 2025 after a thorough review following feedback from the pilot program that began on July 1, 2024. The delay allows Israeli authorities to fine-tune the system and ensure a smooth transition for travelers.

ETA-IL Requirements and Validity

The ETA-IL must be approved by Israeli authorities at least 72 hours before travelers arrive in Israel. Therefore, it is highly recommended that visitors plan ahead and apply in advance. Once approved, the ETA will be valid for two years, allowing multiple entries with stays of up to three months per visit.

It is important to note that the ETA is linked to the traveler’s passport. If there are any changes to the passport, name, gender, or nationality, a new ETA application will be required.

How to Apply for the ETA-IL

The Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA-IL) application must be submitted online via the official Israeli government website: https://israel-entry.piba.gov.il. During the pilot phase, which runs until December 31, 2024, the application is free of charge, and the ETA will not be required for entry. However, from January 2025, the ETA is expected to have an associated fee, though the amount has yet to be confirmed.

Travel to the West Bank and Additional Permits

For travelers planning non-tourist visits to the West Bank, since October 20, 2022, a pre-entry permit has been required. Generally, entry to the West Bank is made through the Allenby-King Hussein Bridge border crossing, so it is crucial to verify specific requirements before traveling.

Recommendations for Travelers Planning to Visit Israel in 2025

• Check entry requirements: Travelers planning to visit Israel from January 1, 2025, should review the entry requirements well in advance to ensure compliance.
• Apply for the ETA: Complete the ETA-IL application at least 72 hours before departure and ensure that your passport is valid for the duration of your stay.
• Be aware of associated costs: While the ETA-IL is free during the pilot phase, travelers should expect potential fees starting in 2025.

With this new regulation, Israel joins other countries that have implemented electronic travel authorization systems to enhance border security and streamline the flow of tourists. The introduction of the ETA-IL aims to provide a more efficient and secure entry process for both travelers and immigration authorities.

For more information, travelers can visit the official website of the Israeli Population, Immigration, and Border Authority.

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On August 1, Karin Law No. 21,643, commonly known as the “Karin Law,” came into effect. It establishes clear new regulations to prevent and address sexual harassment, workplace harassment, and violence at work.

The law’s regulations establish that employers have the obligation to implement adequate preventive measures and investigation procedures to ensure a safe and respectful work environment.

The law and its regulations also introduce essential definitions:

• Workplace harassment: It is defined as any aggressive or harassing behavior by employers or workers that undermines dignity, generates mistreatment or humiliation, or threatens the working conditions or employment opportunities of a worker.
• Sexual Harassment: It consists of inappropriate sexual advances not consented to by the recipient, with the potential to harm the work situation or employment opportunities of the affected person.
• Workplace Violence: It is behavior directed toward workers by third parties outside the employment relationship, such as clients or suppliers, during the performance of their duties.

The regulation also specifies specific manifestations of workplace and sexual harassment, including horizontal harassment between peers, vertical downward harassment exercised by hierarchical superiors, and vertical upward harassment directed towards superiors. In addition, it addresses complex situations where vertical upward and downward harassment coexist.

An important element of this new regulation is that, unlike what happened before, it will now be possible to report when there is a single act of harassment, and repeated acts will not be necessary.

Among the employer’s obligations in the investigation procedure, the following stand out:

1. Preparation of Protocols: Develop and make available to workers detailed protocols for the prevention of sexual harassment, workplace harassment and violence at work.
2. Investigation Procedure: Establish a formal procedure for the investigation of harassment complaints, guaranteeing the impartiality and protection of the complainants.
3. Information and Training: Inform workers about the available reporting channels and train them in the identification, prevention and management of these situations.
4. Safeguard Measures: Take immediate measures to protect the complainants during the investigation process, which may include physical separation or redistribution of tasks.
5. Report and Conclusions: Submit a detailed report with the investigation findings within a maximum period of 30 days from the filing of the complaint, proposing corrective measures as necessary.

Some additional guidelines for the investigation procedure include:

• Complaint: Complaints may be submitted verbally or in writing to the employer or the Labor Directorate, ensuring the delivery of proof of the action taken.
• Impartial Investigation: Appoint a person with training in harassment, gender or fundamental rights to carry out the investigation, guaranteeing the impartiality of the process.
• Investigation Timeframe: The investigation must be completed within a maximum of 30 days from the filing of the complaint, with a comprehensive report addressed to the competent authority.

This law primarily affects countries in the European Union, where it seeks to improve cooperation between member states to more effectively share criminal records, especially to prevent situations similar to Karin’s.

It is important to note that the Social Security Administration Agencies against Risks of Workplace Accidents and Occupational Diseases (ISL, IST or ACHS) will implement various programs for their members, with a view to preventing and training employers and workers on certain conduct and prevention measures, and, make available to these programs or psychological assistance, which seeks to intervene with their professionals in situations of sexual harassment, workplace harassment or workplace violence at work, which may be extended to the affected parties and the rest of the workers.

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